What the model assumes about Finland

This page collects every Finland-specific number the model starts from: when the state pension begins and how it behaves, what healthcare and long-term care cost, what a retired household spends, and how tax is worked out. The planner prefills each of them, and you can change any of them during setup. Amounts are in EUR at today's prices, and the same data files drive the simulation itself, so a figure you read here is the figure your plan runs on.

The state pension

Starts at 67. The planner uses this both as your default retirement age and as the start age of your state pension.

Source: Tyoelake.fi (Finnish pension sector / ETK) (2026). See it.

With inflation, plus 0.2 points a year. Earnings-related pensions in payment rise each year with a mix of price and wage changes, where price inflation counts for 80 percent and wage growth for 20 percent. Pensions therefore keep their purchasing power and gain a small share of wage growth on top.

Source: Elaketurvakeskus (ETK) (2026). See it.

What a surviving partner keeps: 25% of the deceased's pension. The survivor can receive at most half of the deceased's pension, but the survivor's own pension reduces that amount. With two similar pensions the survivor ends up keeping roughly a quarter of the deceased's pension.

Source: Tyoelake.fi (Finnish earnings-related pension system) (2026). See it.

How the simulation pays and raises pensions: the income section of the technical reference. What changes at the first death: the couples section.

Healthcare

€1,100 a year for each person, at 65. Health spending outside long-term care: visits, medicines, glasses, dental work and any premiums you pay yourself. The planner starts from this figure and moves it as you age. The source published €1,562. The published figure counts a whole household, so we divided it down to one person.

Source: Pirkanmaan hyvinvointialue (Finland) (2026). See it.

How the model ages this figure: the expenses section of the technical reference.

Long-term care

€25,400 a year out of your own pocket if you need residential care. The state funds the care. You pay a capped fee plus your room and meals.

Source: Pirkanmaan hyvinvointialue (Finland) (2026). See it.

The model does not add the whole charge on top of your budget: the groceries, and for renters the housing, that a care home replaces are credited back. How the care model works.

What a retired household spends

€612 + €48/mo for one person, €1,077 + €97/mo for a couple. Essential spending plus everything-else spending, each month, excluding housing and healthcare, which the planner asks about separately. The prefills come from Kohtuullisen minimin viitebudjetit 2025 (University of Helsinki / Kuluttajatutkimuskeskus reference budgets for a decent minimum, published 19.11.2025), single 65+ (man/woman averaged) and couple 65+, rest-of-Finland variant.

Source: Kohtuullisen minimin viitebudjetit 2025 (University of Helsinki / Kuluttajatutkimuskeskus reference budgets for a decent minimum, published 19.11.2025), single 65+ (man/woman averaged) and couple 65+, rest-of-Finland variant (2026). See it.

What each budget covers and how spending changes with age: the expenses section of the technical reference.

Tax

The model recalculates your tax bill for every simulated year, using Finland's own scales, allowances and thresholds for the 2026 tax year, last read on 2026-07-27. The answers are checked against their published tables. Couples are assessed together where the rules allow it.

How Finland taxes a retirement plan lists every figure, the tax office page each one came from, and everything the model does not do there.

Everything we read

Every publication behind the pension, care, healthcare and budget figures above. The tax page carries its own references, one per figure.