What the model assumes about Italy

This page collects every Italy-specific number the model starts from: when the state pension begins and how it behaves, what healthcare and long-term care cost, what a retired household spends, and how tax is worked out. The planner prefills each of them, and you can change any of them during setup. Amounts are in EUR at today's prices, and the same data files drive the simulation itself, so a figure you read here is the figure your plan runs on.

The state pension

Starts at 68. The planner uses this both as your default retirement age and as the start age of your state pension.

Source: OECD (2025). See it.

With inflation. Each January pensions are increased to make up for the previous year's inflation. Typical pensions receive the full increase, while the largest pensions receive only part of it.

Source: Rivaluta.it (ISTAT data) (2026). See it.

What a surviving partner keeps: 60% of the deceased's pension. The surviving spouse receives 60 percent of the deceased's pension in addition to their own pension. The amount is trimmed by 25 to 50 percent only if the survivor's own income is above roughly 23,500 euros a year.

Source: INPS (2026). See it.

How the simulation pays and raises pensions: the income section of the technical reference. What changes at the first death: the couples section.

Healthcare

€1,234 a year for each person, at 65. Health spending outside long-term care: visits, medicines, glasses, dental work and any premiums you pay yourself. The planner starts from this figure and moves it as you age. The source published €1,234. We adjusted the published figure to the model's per-person basis.

Source: ISTAT, Italy (2024). See it.

How the model ages this figure: the expenses section of the technical reference.

Long-term care

€19,164 a year out of your own pocket if you need residential care. Costs are split between the public system and you, by type of cost.

Source: Altroconsumo (Euroconsumers) (2026). See it.

The model does not add the whole charge on top of your budget: the groceries, and for renters the housing, that a care home replaces are credited back. How the care model works.

What a retired household spends

€896 + €110/mo for one person, €1,504 + €231/mo for a couple. Essential spending plus everything-else spending, each month, excluding housing and healthcare, which the planner asks about separately. The prefills come from Istat Spese per consumi delle famiglie 2024, persona sola 65 anni e piu / coppia senza figli con p.r. 65 anni e piu (mean monthly EUR per household, COICOP 2018, published 2025-10-07).

Source: Istat Spese per consumi delle famiglie 2024, persona sola 65 anni e piu / coppia senza figli con p.r. 65 anni e piu (mean monthly EUR per household, COICOP 2018, published 2025-10-07) (2026). See it.

What each budget covers and how spending changes with age: the expenses section of the technical reference.

Tax

The model recalculates your tax bill for every simulated year, using Italy's own scales, allowances and thresholds for the 2026 tax year, last read on 2026-07-27. The answers are checked against their published tables. Couples are assessed together where the rules allow it.

How Italy taxes a retirement plan lists every figure, the tax office page each one came from, and everything the model does not do there.

Everything we read

Every publication behind the pension, care, healthcare and budget figures above. The tax page carries its own references, one per figure.