What the model assumes about the United Kingdom
Every number the model starts from in the United Kingdom: state pension, healthcare, long-term care, household budgets and tax, each with the publication it came from.
This page collects every United Kingdom-specific number the model starts from: when the state pension begins and how it behaves, what healthcare and long-term care cost, what a retired household spends, and how tax is worked out. The planner prefills each of them, and you can change any of them during setup. Amounts are in GBP at today's prices, and the same data files drive the simulation itself, so a figure you read here is the figure your plan runs on.
The state pension
Starts at 68. The planner uses this both as your default retirement age and as the start age of your state pension.
Source: House of Commons Library (2025). See it.
With inflation, plus 1.0 points a year. The UK state pension rises each April by the highest of price inflation, average wage growth, or 2.5 percent, a rule known as the triple lock. Over the last fifteen years that lifted it by about one point above inflation a year.
Source: Office for National Statistics (2026). See it.
What a surviving partner keeps: nothing passes on. Under the new State Pension there is generally nothing to inherit when a partner dies. Small exceptions exist for people with a protected payment or older additional pension rights from before April 2016.
Source: GOV.UK, Department for Work and Pensions (2026). See it.
How the simulation pays and raises pensions: the income section of the technical reference. What changes at the first death: the couples section.
Healthcare
£367 a year for each person, at 65. Health spending outside long-term care: visits, medicines, glasses, dental work and any premiums you pay yourself. The planner starts from this figure and moves it as you age.
Source: Office for National Statistics (2026). See it.
How the model ages this figure: the expenses section of the technical reference.
Long-term care
£67,496 a year out of your own pocket if you need residential care. You pay the full price until your savings run down far enough to qualify for help.
Source: Department of Health and Social Care (GOV.UK) (2026). See it.
The model does not add the whole charge on top of your budget: the groceries, and for renters the housing, that a care home replaces are credited back. How the care model works.
What a retired household spends
£1,470 + £984/mo for one person, £1,921 + £1,475/mo for a couple. Essential spending plus everything-else spending, each month, excluding housing and healthcare, which the planner asks about separately. The prefills come from PLSA/CRSP Retirement Living Standards, Moderate tier, outside London (2026 update, 'RLS 2025 uprated' budgets).
Source: PLSA/CRSP Retirement Living Standards, Moderate tier, outside London (2026 update, 'RLS 2025 uprated' budgets) (2026). See it.
What each budget covers and how spending changes with age: the expenses section of the technical reference.
Tax
The model recalculates your tax bill for every simulated year, using United Kingdom's own scales, allowances and thresholds for the 2026 tax year, last read on 2026-07-27. The answers are checked against worked examples. Couples are assessed together where the rules allow it.
How United Kingdom taxes a retirement plan lists every figure, the tax office page each one came from, and everything the model does not do there.
Everything we read
Every publication behind the pension, care, healthcare and budget figures above. The tax page carries its own references, one per figure.
The full list26 publications
- CPI index 00: all items 2015=100 (series D7BT)Office for National Statistics · 2026
- The new State Pension: Inheriting or increasing State Pension from a spouse or civil partnerGOV.UK, Department for Work and Pensions · 2026
- Basic State Pension ratenidirect (NI government) · 2025
- State Pension age review (research briefing SN06546)House of Commons Library · 2025
- State Pension triple lock (research briefing CBP-7812)House of Commons Library · 2025
- 2011 benefit uprating (standard note SN05805)House of Commons Library · 2010
- The triple lock: uncertainty for pension incomes and the public financesInstitute for Fiscal Studies · 2023
- RLS full budget data workbooks ('RLS 2025 uprated'; RLS single female moderate 2025.xlsx, RLS couple moderate 2025.xlsx)PLSA / Loughborough University CRSP · 2026
- Retirement Living Standards - The Detail (2026 update: one-person moderate 32,700, two-person 45,400)Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association (with Loughborough University CRSP) · 2026
- Retirement Living Standards update news item, 3 June 2026 (dates the current figures)PLSA · 2026
- CPI INDEX 06: HEALTH 2015=100 (series D7BZ) and CPI INDEX 00: ALL ITEMS 2015=100 (series D7BT)Office for National Statistics · 2026
- Family spending in the UK, Workbook 2: expenditure by income, Table A15 (HRP aged 65 and under 75)Office for National Statistics · 2026
- Increased funding for care homes providing nursing (NHS-funded Nursing Care standard rate)Department of Health and Social Care (GOV.UK) · 2026
- Family Spending in the UK, Workbook 1, table A1: Detailed expenditure with full-method standard errors, financial year ending 2025Office for National Statistics · 2025
- Family Spending in the UK, Workbook 2: Expenditure by income, tables A15 (HRP aged 65 to 74) and A16 (HRP aged 75 or over), financial year ending 2025Office for National Statistics · 2025
- Family Spending in the UK, Workbook 5: Housing, table 2.4 Housing expenditure by age of household reference person, financial year ending 2025Office for National Statistics · 2025
- Free Personal and Nursing Care: methodology and background information 2024-25, Appendix 1 FPNC payment amountsScottish Government (gov.scot) · 2025
- Social care: charging for care and support 2025 to 2026 (local authority circular)Department of Health and Social Care (GOV.UK) · 2025
- Introducing a cap on care costs (research briefing CBP-9315) and Social care: announcements delaying the introduction of funding reforms (CBP-7265)House of Commons Library · 2024
- The future of care needs: a whole systems approachJoseph Rowntree Foundation · 2024
- Family Spending in the UK, Workbook 1, table A11: Detailed household expenditure by age of household reference person, financial year ending 2022Office for National Statistics · 2022
- Care homes market study: summary of final reportCompetition and Markets Authority (GOV.UK) · 2017
- Care Homes for Older People UK Market Report, 36th editionLaingBuisson · 2026
- Paying for care at home: cost of home care serviceshomecare.co.uk / Homecare Association · 2026
- Care home fees and costs: how much do you pay?carehome.co.uk · 2025
- New data reveals stark regional differences in care home costs for self-fundersCare Home Magazine · 2025